新测试:防污染口罩能用多久?

科学测试发现,普通的防污染口罩是非常有效的。但口罩能使用多久呢?研究都是用全新的口罩,所以几乎没有关于用过的口罩的测试数据。
因为缺少数据,人们对口罩的寿命有着截然不同的看法。我见过一些人说口罩只能戴一两天,比如这位给我发邮件的人。
口罩只能戴一天吗?
如果真的只能戴一天,那我们生活在雾霾严重的城市的人需要每个月买一大堆口罩!所以回答这个问题很重要。我们非常需要数据!
 

口罩寿命测试-30天

现在我们收集了数据:我们在北京测试了一个新的3M口罩和一个使用11天的3M口罩,发现效果只下降了1.4%。但是11天后呢?这个数据适用于所有的口罩还是只适用于3M的口罩?
为了在这个问题上得到好的数据,Smart Air的印度团队测了一款Venus V-430 SLV N99口罩。我们测了三个口罩:
1. 全新口罩
2. 用过20天的口罩
3.用过30天的口罩
Smart Air测口罩寿命
 
这里“用”是什么意思?Smart Air印度的头儿达利亚什(Dhariyash)在德里每天戴这种口罩。德里真是一个极端的例子,因为它是印度污染最严重的城市之一
德里是印度污染严重最严重的城市之一
再说,德里气候炎热、闷热,也就是说,这对于口罩的消耗很大。
 

测试方法

我们做了密封测试。测试者戴上口罩的时候,白色的管子在采集口罩里面的空气,蓝色的管子在采集口罩外面的空气。
测试口罩密封性
佩戴者在测试期间完成一系列动作,比如弯腰和左右移动头部。所以,研究结果反映的不只是人在坐着的时候,更反映了人们在运动时,口罩的密封效果。
TSI PortaCount检测口罩密封性
TSI PortaCount检测到的微粒数低至0.01微米,小于人们经常提到的2.5微米。
pm2.5
 
然后,机器利用这些数据来估计通过口罩的微粒的百分比(而不是从口罩的四周漏进去的空气)。
 

结果

数据显示,口罩才不止拥有“一两天”的寿命。口罩并不是一次性的用品。
口罩寿命测试
 
即使使用30天后,口罩的得分仍然超过99%。效果都没有明显下降!
这是一个侥幸的结果吗?
我猜很多人很难相信口罩竟然能这么有效的维持作用。但是,这一惊人的结果跟之前3M口罩的测试结果是相似的。在11天的大量使用后,9332口罩的效果只下降了1.4%。
3M在北京戴了11天后,效果仅下降1.4%
 
口罩“寿命”到了是因为变松,不是不能过滤微粒。
如果我们简单了解一下口罩是怎么样“衰老”,我们就可以理解为什么数据这么反直觉。
口罩多久要换
 
在我看到这些数据之前,我对口罩的直觉是,随着时间的推移,它们过滤粒子的能力会变得更差。事实上,我错了。随着时间的推移,口罩在捕捉粒子方面反而做得更好。
防污口罩多久要换
 
其实,衰老的是空气阻力。随着口罩里的颗粒越来越多,空气越来越难通过,所以呼吸也越来越困难。它的工作原理就像水槽里的过滤器一样:里面充满了渣子之后,它捕捉颗粒的能力其实更强,但是通水更差。
水槽里的过滤器
 

所有的口罩都这么耐用吗?

Venus的口罩很耐用的一个原因是,它的带子是由弹性织物制成的。这种面料即使用了多次只后也能保持紧密性。
棉料口罩袋子
 
相比之下,很多3M口罩用的橡皮筋在用了很多次之后会变松或者断掉。
橡皮筋材质的防污口罩袋子容易松
 

划重点:口罩使用寿命

口罩的使用寿命远远超过一天。按照这些数据,口罩可以一直用到变得非常脏,让人难以呼吸。到这个时候,不用看效果,口罩已经脏到大多数人都想把它扔掉的程度了。

Smart Air

现实的口罩寿命

看了数据之后,应该在这些情况下换口罩:
1. 带子断了或太松了,戴不紧。
2. 口罩里充满了颗粒,呼吸变得明显困难。
3. 口罩脏到我想把它扔掉。
祝大家呼吸安全!

 

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《新测试:防污染口罩能用多久?》有24条评论

  1. Does washing the outer side or the inner side (that touches your face) of the n95 diminish the mask’s ability to filter small particles out…. i.e. by somehow condensing or compressig the “mesh” matrix that the mask is made of? I’m thinking washing with soap and hot water and rinsing with hot water and drying them in the sun.

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  2. Starting in March, I ordered 1000 N95 masks which I donated to our local Sheriff’s department. After speaking with the group responsible for distribution, the Sheriff’s department was the most needy as they run the local jail and have medical, corrections, inmates and support staff that along with regular policing come in direct contact with infected individuals. My advice (put in writing) in each 2 mask set was to spray the outside of the “used” mask with a solution of 1/3 bleach to 1 gallon water and let air dry (as per CDC website) while using the second mask. Reading your tests about used masks made the advice more acceptable except I now wonder about the affect of the bleach solution on the masks.

    Any information about the viability of using the bleach solution the CDC recommends On masks?

    Also, I think it’s important to point out that any mask with a valve is obviously more comfortable to wear but if the individual wearing it is infectious it does nothing for the people close by since the exhaled air is not filtered.

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    • Hi Roman, Liz here from Smart Air. If you just use it in your daily life, it can be wear multiple times as long as you disinfect it properly. We haven’t got time to test various disinfection methods people are suggesting. My concern is using the bleach may harm the material thus decrease the mask filtration efficiency. But here is an article with how we would suggest to disinfect your mask: https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/disinfect-clean-n95-mask-virus-coronavirus/ If you are a healthcare professional, please follow the CDC or hospital protocol.

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  3. Don’t throw away you mask when the straps are loose/broken, replace it with a fabric one. You can staple it or even sew it: https://imgur.com/2BlRCoc To avoid breaking them at the wrong time (e.g. at the checkout of a store during a covid pandemic…), it is better to add the new fabric straps even before the first use. Then you let the newly added elastic hang behind your neck, until one of the red elastic breaks. You don’t need special staples, those of a mini paper stapler are sufficient. Remember to put 2 staples on each side, lengthwise.

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  4. Bravo! I’ve been looking for this information for a while. I thought the masks would get better at filtering as they became more full (like a HEPA filter) but I couldn’t find any information, except for the old, “that’s what they told us at the hospital I worked at”.

    Thanks for posting and… Stay Healthy

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  5. I am in the USA; I am a critical care registered nurse sine 1991; I cannot find the Venus V-430 SLV anywhere; where can i find a reputable place to purchase? since they are reusable, I am very interested in finding a good reusable mask that is durable as I am taking care of covid-19 patients in the ICU in ‘not ideal’ situations to say the least; I need a very good reusable mask; please help?

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    • Hi Steven, Liz here. Check out this article on Lancet: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(20)30003-3/fulltext
      If you have multiple N95 masks, leave them out under the sun and rotating usage of the masks should work. Here is an article on how UV light can disinfect the virus: https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/uv-light-disinfects-masks/

      You work in an environment with highest risk. As long as there are new masks, I strongly recommend to follow the healthcare protocol instead of thinking of ways to reuse a contaminated mask.

      Thank you for everything you are doing in this battle. Best wishes to you and your coworkers from all of us at Smart Air.

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      • thank you very much; we have no choice but to reuse masks as there is a shortage; I am trying to find suitable n95 or higher masks with an exhalation valve; it seems the venus v-430 was perfect… but i cannot find it… nor any high quality n95 or higher mask for that matter.

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      • I am a nurse and working in the hospital. I have asthma and am caring for outpatients. Some patients may be no symptomatic carriers…. I have N95 masks I bought a few weeks ago and have rotated masks and put them in the sun and also lightly sprayed with Clorox …. is the Clorox a good idea ? Also it rained and they got wet…so it I dry them again are they still effective ?

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  6. I have pm 2.5 filters and am making my own masks out of cotton cloth with inserts for those filters; cotton ties and a metal piece to pinch the nose area closed. Are these going to be effective at all in your opinion? I get a great fit but don’t know if just a pm 2.5 is effective. Please help since I am making these for nurses.

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  7. Hi, thanks for the detailed studies, analyses and results.
    Perhaps you may also mention or analyze about any new nano-filtering material that can be lighter and not too expensive, which can be washed with soap to extend its life. Are the filters you used not washable i.e. their factory made fibres get spoiled if they are washed? Because news reports suggested that soap-wash of hands is even better than sanitizer wash to get rid of corona virus.

    Thanks a lot,
    Keep up the good work !!

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  8. Great test! What about bacteria starting to grow on the mask if you use it for too long? Might that cause a health hazard? Can you sterilize the mask and kill bacteria and viruses growing on it using high heat? If so, what could you use? A hair dryer? Heat gun? Oven? Put it out in the sun and let the UV lights kill them? This question is important since there seems to be a shortage of masks and people will need to know how to make them last longer and safely handle them, etc.

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  9. Thanks for all the work you guys are doing! I had a question. How come masks with such a thin fabric can stop 99.95% of PM2.5 particles, but it requires a hefty HEPA filter when it comes to indoor air purifiers? Wouldn’t it make more sense to strap the same fabric masks are made out of onto the purifiers if they’re that good?

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