普通紫外灯并不能有效消灭COVID-19

The Dose of UV Light Needed to Kill Viruses is Stronger Than You Think

紫外线作为摧毁冠状病毒和其他病毒的潜在解决方案进入人们视野,但市面上常见的紫外灯是否足够强效?杀死新冠病毒需要多大的剂量?我们仔细研究了有关数据,并提出了实用的指导方针。

用紫外灯消灭COVID-19

日本的研究人员将SARS-CoV-2放在玻璃器皿上,并测试了UV-C是否能使病毒失活。果然,紫外光在10秒内灭活了99.9%的COVID病毒。杀毒效果肉眼可见地明显,一秒的辐射就足以使87%的病毒失活。

什么剂量的紫外线才能消灭病毒?

在上述研究中(尚未进行同行评议),研究人员使用紫外LED灯照射一个直径为60mm的培养皿,距离为20mm。得出的结论为杀死COVID-19病毒需要剂量为75mJ/cm2的紫外线。这个数据为杀死超过99.9%的病毒所需的时间(20秒)乘以灯泡的强度(3.75mW/cm2)。

市面上常见的紫外灯消毒效果如何?

普通家用紫外灯与该剂量相比如何?我们在国内的淘宝和美国的亚马逊上调查了紫外消毒器。

然而,产品页并未显示紫外线强度。为了找到答案,我们询问了客服,而大多数商店声称他们的紫外灯可发射0.7瓦的UV-C。

紫外消毒:距离很重要

紫外线强度随距离的平方而变化,这意味着若距离1米,普通家用灯需要在待消毒表面上照射1071秒才能达到所需的剂量,约等于18分钟!

这意味着使用普通的紫外灯进行大面积消毒是不现实的。为了应对COVID-19的爆发,上海某巴士公司开始使用紫外灯对巴士进行消毒。他们对每辆公交车进行了长达5分钟的照射,但这并不足以对整辆巴士进行消毒。

紫外线近距离消毒

将被污染的物品靠近紫外光源可以大大减少消毒所需的时间。从1m到10cm,消毒时间从18分钟降至11秒。

参考iPhone 5的高度(12.28cm),10cm是大多数人可以手握的距离。

11秒听起来比较合理,但可能很难保证被污染的表面被充足且恒定的紫外线照射。暴露一分钟更为保险。

UV-C的潜在危险

UV-C对人体有害。近距离接触普通家用紫外线消毒器会对眼睛和皮肤造成伤害。暴露在典型紫外光下(距离光源50cm)11秒就超过了美国政府工业卫生学家会议对UV-C照射的推荐阈值。

划重点:普通家用紫外消毒器能有效杀灭COVID-19吗?

剂量为75mJ/cm2的UV-C可以杀死超过99.9%的COVID-19。大多数家用紫外灯发出的紫外剂量非常小,可能需要长达18分钟才能杀死病毒,但将待消毒物品靠近紫外线光源可以缩短所需时间。

 

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7 评论
S. A. Wesley PhD
2020-10-21 2:52 am

Another issue you are overlooking is reflection. A polished aluminum surface will reflect over 90% of the 254 nm light output by these bulbs. Allowing for multiple x0.90 reflections gives an intensity of 1/(1-.9) = 10x the original intensity of the bulb. Surround your mercury vapor lamp tube with a cylinder of polished aluminum and it changes the results of your calculations dramatically.

Quinton Stowell
2020-09-27 4:38 am

The test data you have shared is using UV LEDs (280nm) whereas most germicidal UV systems use low pr… 阅读更多 »

Colleen Norrgard
2020-09-01 9:38 am

Can you recommend these to use to “ clean” airplane seats? What strength or model would be adequate, and will the airlines permit these on the flight? Thanks.!

Mark
2020-08-24 1:29 pm

Hi. I have a UV-C sterilizer and it says in the manual: vertical distance of 13cm below the top UVC LED is 100uW/cm2. Wavelength is between 260-280nm. It is automatically set to 3 minutes of sterilization time. Is this effective? Thanks

最后由Mark编辑于5 年 前
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