Over this last Christmas, I was at home on the couch, and my dad asked me if I’ve seen this new Molekule air purifier he saw an ad review for.

He asked because I’ve been building and testing DIY air purifiers ever since a Beijing airpocalypse in 2013 had me coughing for weeks.

The lesson I’ve been learning throughout my testing is that big purifier companies actually love smoke. That smoke comes in the form of claims that we need filters imported from Switzerland (learn more about that ‘fancy’ Swiss company I’m talking about here), not because they’re high profit margin, but because the technology is better.

That’s the backdrop that was in my mind as my dad handed me his iPad, and I clicked on the Molekule air purifier ad. So let me do a Molekule air purifier review and look at what they claim.

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #1

Immediately, I saw this claim.

This shocked me, because the first paragraph on the Wikipedia page about HEPA filters says how HEPA filters can capture particles smaller than 0.3µm. If the people making this graphic had read the Wikipedia page, they would’ve learned that HEPA filters are actually fantastic at capturing particles under 0.3 microns.

See, the problem is our intuition is to think of HEPA filters like a net. If a particle is smaller than the holes in the net, it gets through. So the smaller the particle, the harder it is to capture. Makes sense.

That logic works for objects as big as marbles. But when we get to really small particles—like particles under 0.3 microns—things start getting weird. Particles that small have so little mass that they actually get bounced around like a pinball when they hit gas molecules (known as Brownian Motion). So they move in random zigzag patterns.

Why that matters is that tiny particles are small enough to fit through HEPA filters—if they flew straight. But because they fly in zigzag patterns, they end up hitting the fibers and getting stuck.

OK, that’s a lot of theoretical explanation. Is there any test evidence for this? There’s lots! One test I like is this thesis on duct filters (never thought I’d say that about a thesis on duct filters).

That’s the percentage of particles the filters captured at different sizes. See how the effectiveness goes down, but then starts to go up again? That’s below 0.3 microns—the particles Molekule claims that regular purifiers can’t get.

By the way, this study was on furnace filters, which are lower grade than HEPA filters. But the principle works for any fiber filter. It works for the HEPA filters that are in purifiers (see this guy’s tests down to .01 microns) and even masks (I describe mask tests down to .007 microns here). That means you don’t even need a fancy HEPA filter for Brownian motion to work its magic.

So why is Molekule claiming HEPA filters can’t capture any particles below 0.3 microns?

Either they don’t know this basic fact about purifiers (in which case, I’m highly skeptical of their claims of being experts), or they’re straight up lying about purifiers to sell you a more expensive one (in which case, I don’t trust them).

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #2

Their second big claim is about bacteria. They claim that bacteria will grow on regular HEPA filters and then get released back into the air, so you need their Molekule ‘PECO’ technology to kill that bacteria.

I’ve used HEPA filters in my Chinese apartments for years. I’ve also shipped 40,000 of these low-cost DIY purifiers to people all over China and India through my social enterprise Smart Air.

That includes lots of people in hot and humid Shanghai and Shenzhen, not to mention basically all of India (which qualifies as hot and mostly humid). I’ve never once seen or heard of mold or bacteria growing on these HEPA filters. That’s despite the fact that I had a mold problem in my Beijing apartment before I started using purifiers.

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #3

Molekule says HEPA filters can’t capture viruses because they’re too small. Instead, to capture viruses you need the PECO technology from Molekule!

This gets back to point #1. HEPA filters (and really most filters) are great at capturing viruses.

Viruses are solidly in the range of very, very high efficiency for HEPA filters and even masks.

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #4

About allergens, Molekule says HEPA filters “only traps larger allergens” and then releases them back into the air anyway.

They don’t release them. Unless you’re shaking them or cutting them open, they’re not going to release those particles back into the air.

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #5

There is one claim that strikes me as “could be true.” It’s their claim that the PECO technology that Mokeule use “destroys” chemical gases known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). That includes stuff like formaldehyde and toluene, which come out of products that we buy, like carpeting.

We’ve seen the claim about small particles before, so we know that’s wrong.

The advertisement also claims that HEPA filters release pollen back into the air. It’s not impossible for a particle to become dislodged from a HEPA filter, but that claim is hard to square with the randomized trials finding HEPA purifiers reduce allergy symptoms. Researchers have even given people fake purifiers to rule out the placebo effect.

Molekule Air Purifier Claim #6

Molekule claims that their PECO technology “destroys” chemical gases known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). That includes stuff like formaldehyde and toluene, which come out of products that we buy, like carpeting.

They’re right that HEPA filters don’t capture gas pollutants. HEPAs are for particles, not gases. But does their machine actually “destroy” VOCs?

The dedicated nerds at Vacuum Wars tested the Molekule with ammonia VOCs and found no detectable reduction.

In fact, VOC levels actually went up 800% during the Molekule test!

With a different purifier using traditional activated carbon filters, VOCs went down during the test. That’s similar to what I found in my tests with carbon filters.

Wirecutter: “Worst air purifiers we’ve ever tested”

The Wirecutter released a test of the Molekule.

They concluded that Molekule purifiers were “some of the worst air purifiers we’ve ever tested.”

Consumer Reports: Third-lowest scoring air purifier ever tested

The third-party tests kept coming. Go science!

The non-profit Consumer Reports released a test of the Molekule and found that it was the third-lowest-scoring air purifier they’ve tested. Based on their data, it can only clean a room of 100 square feet (9.3 m2).

2021 Molekule Updates

This article was originally published in 2018. Since then, other companies have tested the Molekule air purifier with similar poor results.

Wirecutter: “Worst purifier we’ve ever tested”

The Wirecutter released a test of particulate reduction of the Molekule and concluded that it was the “worst purifier we’ve ever tested.”

Vacuum Wars: The Molecule actually INCREASED dangerous VOC levels

So the Molekule scored poorly on removing particulate from the air such as PM2.5, but the real claim to fame is its ability to eliminate gases like VOCs. The nerds at Vacuum Wars tested the Molekule with ammonia VOCs and found no detectable reduction.

In fact, VOC levels actually went up during the Molekule test.

In contrast, a carbon filter significantly reduced VOCs (right side), which is what I found in my tests with carbon filters.

Consumer Reports: Third-lowest scoring air purifier ever tested

The third-party tests keep coming. Go science! The non-profit Consumer Reports released a test of the Molekule and found that it was the third-lowest-scoring air purifier they’ve tested. Based on their data, it can only clean a room of 100 square feet (9.3 m2).

Molekule pays $1.3 million to settle class-action lawsuit over false advertising 

In October of 2021, Molekule agreed to pay $2.7 million falsely advertised the effectiveness of its air purifiers, including that they could outperform HEPA filters, get rid of all indoor pollutants, provide asthma and allergy relief, and destroy airborne pollutants.

Molekule filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on October 3, 2023. The company will keep operating during the process

So what’s an air breather to do?

After reading this Molekule air purifier review, you might be wondering where to turn to for clean air.  To answer our original question, it seems the Molekule purifier is not worth it and is full of false claims.

I’ve been nerding out on purifiers ever since that 2013 Beijing airpocalypse. If I can sum up all of my testing into one message, it’d be this:

Air purifiers are shockingly simple. They’re a fan and a filter. Cheaper purifiers perform just as well—and often outperform—the ridiculously expensive machines.

So brush aside marketing claims, beautiful Nordic families living in all-white homes, and keep your money.

Instead, check out any one of several sources of independent purifier tests and choose the best combination of effectiveness and price. I outline several sources of tests here:

What is the best air purifier on the market today?

Breathe safe!

P.S. I’ve ranted for too long about Molekule’s claims and their PECO technology, but please indulge me the claim at the top of their homepage.

Finally a purifier “that actually works.” Click on the link above to see dozens of purifiers that cost far less and “actually work.”

View the original article on Quora here.

---