自制口罩:纸巾能有效预防传染新冠病毒吗?

在最近的一项研究中,研究人员测试了一些家用材料,看哪种材料最适合DIY口罩,但他们漏掉了一种非常常见的材料——纸巾(也被称为“厨房纸”)。在新冠病毒期间和口罩短缺的情况下,纸巾是自制口罩的有效材料吗?Smart Air的工程师PaddySmart Air北京的实验室里测试了它的有效性。

 

DIY纸巾口罩测试效果

 

 

测试纸巾过滤颗粒的效果

 

Paddy使用Met One颗粒计数器来测试单层和双层纸巾过滤0.3微米颗粒的效果。PaddyMet One测试了一分钟,计算通过纸巾的微粒数是多少。

 

测试纸巾的过滤颗粒效果 

 

 

新型冠状病毒有多大?

 

与冠状病毒相比,0.3微米比较小吗?

其实冠状病毒的直径约为0.1微米,比我们的实验测量值小3倍。那我们为什么要测试0.3微米的颗粒呢?这是因为0.3微米是一个测量的重要标准,因为0.3微米的颗粒是最难被捕捉的

 

新冠病毒颗粒大小

 

对,听起来可能很奇怪,但比0.3微米还小的粒子是更容易被过滤的。如果不相信的话,来看看数据»背后的科学道理是这样的。

 

 

纸巾过滤颗粒效果

 

结果并没有很好,一层纸巾只过滤了23%的颗粒,多加一层纸巾也只多过滤了33%的颗粒。

 

自制纸巾口罩、卫生纸口罩过滤病毒的效果并不好

 

但对于比较大的2.5微米颗粒,纸巾的过滤效果更好,单层的纸巾就过滤了52%2.5微米颗粒。

 

 

自制纸巾口罩的贴合效果好吗?

 

有一件事是这个测试没有考虑到的,那就是贴合效果——多少颗粒会从自制口的罩旁边漏过去。非常明显,和脸型更合适、贴合的口罩,会让更少的颗粒从旁边进入到口罩内部,这也是为什么在测试中,外科口罩比N95口罩效果差的原因之一。

 

N95口罩比医用外科口罩效果好

 

研究发现,口罩的密封性对病毒传播的影响很小

 

虽然外科口罩(以及可行的自制口罩)N95口罩密封性更差,但随机跟踪感染率的研究发现,外科口罩在预防病毒传播方面和N95口罩一样有效。研究人员还不知道这种现象的确切原因。但是,一些科学家猜测,口罩之所以有帮助,部分原因是它们可以防止我们用手触摸脸,这有助于防止我们在嘴、鼻子和眼睛中传播病毒。

 

佩戴口罩有助于我们不触摸口鼻眼 

总结:与剑桥大学研究人员测试的其他自制口罩材料相比,纸巾过滤掉的颗粒物更少。但是,如果你手上没有口罩了,那戴一个自制的纸巾口罩总比什么都不戴要强。

 

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Lillian Blessing
2020-07-26 6:08 am

Not all paper towels are created equal. There are differences.

Kyle
2020-07-23 4:44 pm

I beg to differ. I made paper towel masks with two coffee filters sandwiched in between and not only is it easy to breath through but it filters out more odors than the “non-medical masks” too like frying bacon or the smell of gasoline which tells me that its slightly more effective than the masks that are now widely available for general use.

Philip Htoon
2020-05-23 5:00 am

Has any test done on tissue paper such as Kleenex tissue and etc.

Yi-De Chuang
2020-04-30 12:26 pm

I used Fluke 985 particle counters and tested few materials – coffee filters, cloth mask, clea… 阅读更多 »

Mona
2020-04-27 5:00 pm

If you not sure what type of material you have all you have to do is make your mask and light a lighter in front of your mouth and try to blow , if it shut off isnt good material for a mask ( maybe try to-add layers if only choice) and if your lighter WONt shut off it will be very good fit material mask , I try it & its work …..not all kitchen towel not all t-shirt works the same as researcher claiming some t-shirt nylon or acrylic so the kitchen towel bed quality. Thanks

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